What are the categories of hard alloys？How should it be selected in production？

Hard alloys, also known as cemented carbides or tungsten carbides, are categorized based on various factors such as composition, grain size, and intended applications. Here are some key categories of hard alloys and considerations for their selection in production:

1. Composition-Based Categories:

Tungsten Carbide (WC): Tungsten carbide is the primary hard phase in most hard alloys. It is known for its exceptional hardness and wear resistance. Tungsten carbide grades are often classified based on the percentage of tungsten carbide and the binder.

metal (typically cobalt).

Titanium Carbide (TiC) and Tantalum Carbide (TaC): These carbide phases are sometimes added to tungsten carbide to enhance specific properties. For example, the addition of titanium carbide can increase hardness and wear resistance.

2. Binder Metal Categories:

Cobalt (Co): Cobalt is the most common binder metal in hard alloys. The percentage of cobalt in the composition affects the toughness and hardness of the material. Higher cobalt content can provide better toughness but may reduce hardness.

Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe): In some applications, nickel or iron may be used as binder metals, especially in cobalt-free or low-cobalt formulations.

3. Grain Size Categories:

Fine-Grained: Fine-grained hard alloys have smaller carbide particles, resulting in increased hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. They are suitable for applications where a high level of wear resistance is required.

Coarse-Grained: Coarse-grained hard alloys have larger carbide particles, providing increased strength and thermal shock resistance. They are suitable for applications involving impact and heavy loading.

4. Coating-Based Categories:

Coated Hard Alloys: Hard alloys can be coated with thin layers of materials such as titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), or aluminum titanium nitride (AlTiN). Coatings enhance tool performance, reduce friction, and extend tool life.

5.Application-Based Categories:

Cutting Tools: Fine-grained hard alloys with coatings are often preferred for cutting tools, providing a balance of hardness, wear resistance, and toughness.

Mining Tools: Coarse-grained hard alloys with high impact resistance are commonly used in mining tools subjected to heavy loads.

Metal Forming Tools: Hard alloys with a balance of hardness and toughness are suitable for metal forming tools used in stamping, drawing, and extrusion.

Wear Parts: Fine-grained hard alloys with high wear resistance are utilized in wear parts, such as nozzles, valves, and seals.

5. Grade Classification:

Cemented carbide grades are often designated by a combination of letters and numbers. The code typically indicates the composition, grain size, and other specific characteristics of the material. Manufacturers provide grade recommendations based on intended applications.

6. Considerations for Selection:

Application Requirements: Consider the specific demands of the application, including cutting conditions, abrasiveness of the material being processed, and required tool life.

Material Compatibility: Ensure that the selected hard alloy is compatible with the materials being machined or processed.

Coating Considerations: Coated hard alloys can enhance performance, so consider the type of coating that best suits the application.

Budget and Cost: Different hard alloys and grades vary in cost. Consider the budget constraints and balance cost with performance requirements.

Manufacturer Recommendations: Consult with hard alloy manufacturers for specific recommendations based on the intended application.

The selection of hard alloys involves a careful consideration of these factors to ensure optimal performance and tool life in various industrial applications. Manufacturers often provide detailed specifications and recommendations to assist in the selection process.